Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Rau Kev Hloov Pob Txha Mus

Ntshav qia ntshav hloov, plhaw lub npe hu ua pob txha txha caj tw, yog ib qho txheej txheem uas muaj peev xwm muab tau txoj sia rau kev kho mob rau ntau hom kab mob. Tab sis cov txheej txheem yog li ntawd, nws yog tam sim no siv los kho cov mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws xwb.

Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Stanford University School of Medicine tau tuaj nrog ib txoj kev los ntawm kev kho txoj kev kho, uas nyob rau hauv cov nas, dramatically txo nws cov tshuaj toxicity. Yog tias hom kev ua tiav nws thiaj li muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau rau tib neeg, nws yuav siv tau los kho cov kab mob autoimmune xws li tus mob lupus, tus kab mob ntshav qab zib thiab ntau yam sclerosis; txhim kho tus kab mob metabolic disorders uas zoo li "kab npuas tub"; thiab kho ntau yam kev mob qog nqaij hlav, nrog rau kev hloov tshuaj kom zoo dua thiab muaj kev vam meej ntxiv.

"Tsis tshua muaj tus kabmob lossis kabmob hloov ntshav uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev tshawb xyuas no," said Irving Weissman, MD, tus sau phau ntawv thiab xibfwb ntawm pathology thiab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Stanford. Ib daim ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem tau luam tawm Lub Yim Hli Ntuj Tim 10 hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb.

Cov ntawv sau tus neeg sau yog Judith Shizuru, MD, Ph.D., tus xibfwb ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov thawj coj saib xyuas kev lag luam yog cov neeg tshawb nrhiav Akanksha Chhabra, Ph.D .; tus menyuam kawm tiav high school kawm ntawv qib siab Aaron Ring, MD, Ph.D., uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xibfwb hauv Yale; thiab Kipp Weiskopf, MD, Ph.D., tus menyuam kawm tiav graduate uas yog tam sim no nyob hauv Brigham thiab Tsev Kho Mob poj niam.

Kev kho mob zoo

Yuav kom hloov ntshav qia hlwb, tus neeg mob tus kheej cov pej xeem ntawm cov ntshav qia hlwb yuav tsum raug tua. Tam sim no, qhov no yog siv cov kws khomob lossis cov kws kho mob, kev kho mob uas muaj kuab lom kom ntau yam kabmob thiab txawm tias yuav tuag.

"Tus kws khomob thiab kev siv hluavtaws siv los hloov ntshav DNA thiab tuaj yeem tsim teebmeem rau qhov teebmeem ntawm lub cev thiab lub sijhawm ntev rau ntau lub cev hauv lub cev," Shizuru said. "Cov kev kho mob uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom no tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lub siab, lub plawv plab thiab lub hlwb, uas ua rau mob qaug dab peg thiab muaj kev puas hlwb loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus." Vim li no, cov ntshav qia ntshav hloov tsuas siv thaum muaj kev phom sij ntawm tus kab mob loj tshaj qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev hloov ntshav.

Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj cov phom sij phem no, cov kws soj ntsuam ntawm Stanford tau ua ib qho symphony ntawm cov cuab yeej lom neeg kom paub tseeb tias txoj kev ntshav qia ntshav hloov tsis siv cov kws khomob lossis cov kws kho mob.

Siv tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov kws tshawb fawb pib nrog ib qho antibody tiv thaiv ib qho kua nplaum (cell surface protein) hu ua c-kit, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav qia hlwb. Muab cov tshuaj antibody rau c-pob ua rau poob ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov kab mob tsis muaj zog. "Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog cov tshuaj antibody xwb tsis siv rau cov neeg tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas sawv cev rau feem ntau cov neeg tau txais pob txha hloov hlwb," Chausra said. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas nrhiav tau txhim khu cov kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog nrog cov neeg ua mob biologic uas thaiv lwm qhov ntawm lub nplhaib protein hu ua CD47. Blocking CD47 macrophages liberated rau "noj" lub hlwb lub hlwb uas nrog c-khoom antibody, Chausra said.

Nrog cov CD47 cim thiab cov antibody uas txuas nrog cov kabmob c-kit, lub cev tiv thaiv kabmob ua rau cov tsiaj txhu 'blood-forming qia hlwb, tshem txoj kev hloov ntshav qia ntshav los ntawm tus neeg pub khoom noj rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab tsim cov ntshav tshiab thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Sib piv cov ntshav qia ntshav sib hloov mus cog cov qoob loo tshiab ntawm cov qoob loo, Shizuru tau sau tseg tias cov neeg soj ntsuam tsuas tsis tau pom txoj kev nyab xeeb kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov chaw cog, tiam sis "peb kuj siv cov tswv yim kev nyab xeeb rau noob qoob noob hlav tshiab." Tam sim no, Cov pob txha pob txha txha yuav koom nrog cov hlwb hauv hlwb uas muaj ntshav qia hlwb thiab ntau yam kabmob ntawm cov neeg pub dawb, uas tuaj yeem tua cov nqaij ntawm tus neeg hloov ntshav. Qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob no yog hu ua cov kab mob hu ua graft-versus-host disease, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij thiab ua rau cov neeg mob tuag taus.

Lub tsev ntawm txoj kev paub tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb dhau los, pab neeg ua kom cov nqaij ntshiv pub kom nws tsuas muaj cov qe ntshav thiab tsis muaj lwm cov qe ntshav dawb uas ua rau cov kab mob hu ua graft-versus-host disease.

Qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tswv yim no hauv cov nas tsiv tuaj yeem vam tias cov tswv yim zoo yuav ua rau tib neeg mob. "Yog hais tias nws ua haujlwm rau tib neeg zoo li nws nyob hauv nas, peb yuav xav tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov ntshav qia ntshav yuav hloov ntawm 20 feem pua ​​kom tau zero," Shizuru said.

'Tshiab era hauv kab mob kev kho mob'

"Yog tias thiab thaum twg qhov no tiav lawm, nws yuav yog ib qho tshiab tseem ceeb hauv kev kho kab mob thiab kev kho tshiab," said Weissman, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Stanford lub koom haum rau Qia Cell Biology thiab Regenerative Tshuaj, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Ludwig Center rau Cancer Qia Cell Research thiab Tshuaj.

Thaum ib tus neeg mob cov ntshav thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav hloov tau zoo, txhua yam kab mob ntawm tus neeg mob cov ntshav thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog yuav raug kho los ntawm kev siv cov ntshav qia ntshav hloov, lawv hais tias. Kev puaj phais hloov tus neeg mob cov ntshav thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tshem tawm cov qog hlwb tawm tsam lawv cov nqaij thiab tsim muaj kab mob xws li mob rheumatoid caj dab thiab Hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib.

Ib txoj kev nyab xeeb ua rau cov ntshav qia ntshav hloov lwm tus kuj yuav ua rau hloov hloov nruab sia dua thiab yooj yim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais. Tam sim no, cov neeg uas tau txais hloov khoom nruab nrog cev yuav tsum ua kom lawv lub neej nyob twj ywm rau hauv cov tshuaj uas ua rau lawv lub cev tsis muaj zog los tua cov kab mob hauv transplanted.

"Txawm hais tias koj nyob ntawm immunosuppressants, feem ntau hloov nruab nrab hloov ntshav hauv kev ua haujlwm los yog tsis dhau lub sijhawm, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau lawv tus kheej ua rau tus neeg mob tseem raug rau cov kab mob tuag taus lossis cov kab mob tshiab tshiab," Weissman said.

Tab sis yog hais tias ntshav thiab lub cev qia hlwb ntawm tus neeg hloov khoom nruab nrog tuaj yeem hloov tau tib lub sij hawm thaum lub nruab nrog cev, lub cev tsis muaj zog yuav pom txog qhov hloov khoom nruab nrog thiab tsis tawm tsam nws, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais. "Lub hlwb hloov, lub koom txoos pub dawb thiab tus neeg mob cov ntaub so ntswg tag nrho txhua tus kawm kawm ua ke," Shizuru hais. "Tus pub ntshav qia hlwb rov qhia txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab cov nqaij hloov tsis tau tawm."

Cov ntshav thiab qe ntshav qe ntshav qe ntshav kuj tseem ceeb heev kom ua rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj regenerative zoo. Yog tias qia hlwb rau kabmob los yog cov nqaij ntshiv xws li lub plawv lossis lub siab hlob tuaj rau kev hloov ntshav tagnrho - uas yog, tsis yog tsim rau ib tus neeg mob - tus neeg mob yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv kabmob los ntawm cov ntshav qia ntshav hloov kom lub qia hlwb tsis raug tso tseg raws li lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais.

Tau qhov twg los: Stanford University

https://www.biosciencetechnology.com/news/2016/08/safer-way-bone-marrow-transplants?cmpid=horizontalcontent